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Weight loss: self-help groups in treatment of eating disorders WEIGHT LOSS: SELF-HELP GROUPS IN TREATMENT OF EATING DISORDERS
In self-help groups, people bond together to solve their common problems. Members know they can learn from others who are further along in recovery while helping those who still have a way to go. A self-help group offers members the chance to share experiences, fellowship, and advice.
The notion of self-help is an ancient one. Some American Indian tribes had healing cults in which people who survived a disease became tribal healers. They acquired their knowledge through suffering as they struggled to overcome a particular illness.
Modern self-help groups follow this ancient principle, that people who have emerged from a "trial by fire" can offer guidance to those struggling with similar problems. Self-help groups reflect traditions of self-reliance and voluntarism.
A thread that ties most self-help groups together is support through empathy and mutual affirmation. The groups reinforce change by offering role models for behavior and a forum for sharing successful strategies and attitudes. Self-help groups emphasize personal responsibility and effectiveness-valuable lessons for anyone with an eating disorder. They communicate the message that members are not helpless or hopeless, even though they may feel that way at times.
For some, a self-help group is the first step toward recovery; for others, it may be the only step they take. Ideally, such groups reinforce other kinds of treatment and offer ongoing support through a network of concerned, like-minded people.
Some self-help groups arise because patients feel that professionals have failed to understand their condition or treat it properly. Sometimes groups form because facilities don't exist in their areas of the country. People may turn to such groups when they can't afford other treatment.
Let me state my bias clearly: I strongly believe that self-help groups can do tremendous good. Ideally, self-help is a complement to professional treatment, not an alternative. Patients usually do better when they combine self-help with other forms of treatment. Using self-help exclusively can lead to problems if the patient is actively suicidal or psychotic. In these cases, a sensitive self-help group leader can steer the patient to find the professional help she needs.
The chief advantages of self-help treatment include its low cost, its availability (in areas where programs exist), and the limited degree of commitment required. Other benefits include anonymity, confidentiality, education about the illness, positive feelings of effectiveness and self-esteem, an increased sense of control, and the feeling that one is valuable to oneself and others.
How they work: The concept of self-help for eating disorders is about thirty years old. Goals, formats, and principles are still evolving.
Most eating disorder self-help groups welcome both anorexics and bulimics. Some groups start off with a lecture, and then open the floor for discussion. Other groups prefer to let members bring up the subjects they want to discuss. The most helpful part of the meeting may come during the informal interaction afterward, as members chat freely, exchange phone numbers, and share advice.
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WEIGHT LOSS
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